At this temperature, the DNA primers and DNA polymerase bind to individual single-stranded DNA (this is termed annealing of the DNA).
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When the binding is completed, a complementary double strand DNA is formed in a specific sequence. When these building blocks bind their complementary building block by weak hydrogen bonds (for example, A will only bond with T and G only with C) a complementary DNA nucleotide sequence is formed and bound to the original single-stranded DNA. When these blocks are linked together, they form a nucleotide sequence or a single strand of DNA.
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As of June, 2020, this type of test is the standard for detecting the presence of the SARS CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for the deadly COVID-19 pandemic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a chemical reaction harnessed to detect and identify trace bits of DNA, whether from a virus or bacteria to study the organism or diagnose an infection, or for forensic examination in criminal justice and archaeology. Figure 1, Bands or "ladder" like steps of PCR produced DNA of Mycobacterium (courtesy of the CDC)